satisfied by evidence or other showing sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims. 2. The provisions of NRS 52.025 to 52.105, inclusive, are illustrative and not restrictive examples of authentication or identification which conform to the requirements of this section. 3. Every authentication or identification is rebuttable by evidence or other showing sufficient to support a contrary finding. (Added to NRS by 1971, 798) NRS 52.025 Testimony of witness with knowledge. The testimony of a witness is sufficient for authentication or identification if he has personal knowledge that a matter is what it is claimed to be. (Added to NRS by 1971, 798) NRS 52.035 Handwriting: Nonexpert opinion. Nonexpert opinion as to the genuineness of handwriting is sufficient for authentication or identification if it is based upon familiarity not acquired for purposes of the litigation. (Added to NRS by 1971, 798) NRS 52.045 Handwriting: Comparison by trier or expert witness. Comparison by the trier of fact or by expert witnesses with specimens which have been authenticated is sufficient for authentication. (Added to NRS by 1971, 798) NRS 52.055 Handwriting: Distinctive characteristics. Appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns or other distinctive characteristics are sufficient for authentication when taken in conjunction with circumstances. (Added to NRS by 1971, 798) NRS 52.065 Identification by voice. A voice, whether heard firsthand or through mechanical or electronic transmission or recording, is sufficiently identified by opinion based upon hearing the voice at any time under circumstances connecting it with the alleged speaker. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) NRS 52.075 Telephone calls. A telephone conversation is sufficiently authenticated by evidence that a call was made to the number supplied by the telephone company for the person in question if: 1. The call was to a place of business and the conversation related to business reasonably transacted over the telephone; or 2. Circumstances, including self-identification, show the person answering to be the one called. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) NRS 52.085 Public records and reports. Evidence that: 1. A writing authorized by law to be recorded or filed and in fact recorded or filed in a public office; or 2. A purported public record, report, statement or data compilation, in any form, is from the public office where items of this nature are kept is sufficient to authenticate the writing, record, report, statement or compilation. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) NRS 52.095 Ancient documents; compilations of data. Evidence that a document or data compilation, in any form: 1. Is in such condition as to create no suspicion concerning its authenticity; 2. Was in a place where it, if authentic, would likely be; and 3. Is at least 20 years old at the time it is offered, is sufficient to authenticate the document or compilation. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) NRS 52.105 Process or system. Evidence describing a process or system used to produce a result and showing that the result is accurate is sufficient to authenticate the result. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) PRESUMPTIONS OF AUTHENTICITY NRS 52.115 Foreign public documents. 1. A document purporting to be executed or attested in his official capacity by a person authorized by the laws of a foreign country to make the execution or attestation is presumed to be authentic if it is accompanied by a final certification as to the genuineness of the signature and official position: (a) Of the executing or attesting person; or (b) Of any foreign official whose certificate of genuineness of signature and official position relates to the execution or attestation or is in a chain of certificates of genuineness of signature and official position relating to the execution or attestation. 2. A final certification may be made by a secretary of embassy or legation, consul general, consul, vice consul or consular agent of the United States, or a diplomatic or consular official of the foreign country assigned or accredited to the United States. 3. If reasonable opportunity has been given to all parties to investigate the authenticity and accuracy of an official document the court may, for good cause shown, order that it be treated as presumptively authentic without final certification or permit it to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without final certification. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799) NRS 52.125 Certified copies of public records. 1. A copy of an official record or report or entry therein, or of a document authorized by law to be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed in a public office, including data compilations in any form, is presumed to be authentic if it is certified as correct by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification. 2. As used in subsection 1, the term “official record” shall include but not be limited to fingerprint classification cards kept by law enforcement agencies of the Federal Government, the State of Nevada or any other state. (Added to NRS by 1971, 799; A 1973, 801) NRS 52.135 Official publications. Books, pamphlets or other publications purporting to be issued by public authority are presumed to be authentic. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.145 Newspapers; periodicals. Printed materials purporting to be newspapers or periodicals are presumed to be authentic. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.155 Trade inscriptions, signs, tags and labels. Inscriptions, signs, tags or labels purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and indicating ownership, control or origin are presumed to be authentic. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.165 Acknowledged documents. Documents accompanied by a certificate of acknowledgment of a notary public or officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments are presumed to be authentic. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.175 Subscribing witness’ testimony unnecessary. The testimony of a subscribing witness is not necessary to authenticate a writing unless required by the laws of the jurisdiction whose laws govern the validity of the writing. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS NRS 52.185 Definitions. As used in NRS 52.185 to 52.295, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the words defined in NRS 52.195 to 52.225, inclusive, have the meanings ascribed to them in NRS 52.195 to 52.225, inclusive. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.195 “Duplicate” defined. “Duplicate” means a counterpart produced: 1. By the same impression as the original; 2. From the same matrix; 3. By means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures; 4. By mechanical or electronic rerecording, including a counterpart produced by an optical imaging system; 5. By chemical reproduction; or 6. By other equivalent technique designed to ensure an accurate reproduction of the original. (Added to NRS by 1971, 800; A 1995, 136) NRS 52.205 “Original” defined. 1. An “original” of a writing or recording is the writing or recording itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it. 2. An “original” of a photograph includes the negative or any print therefrom. 3. If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown accurately to reflect the data, is an “original.” (Added to NRS by 1971, 800) NRS 52.215 “Photographs” defined. “Photographs” include still photographs, X rays

Vegas Law